Iron in pregnancy – how should it be supplemented?

The need for iron increases during pregnancy. A deficiency leads to anemia, which is relatively common among pregnant women. Therefore, iron supplementation is recommended for expectant mothers. What symptoms does an iron deficiency cause, and should every pregnant woman take this element?

Iron is an element that plays an extremely important role in the human body. It is a component of hemoglobin, which is responsible for transporting oxygen to all body cells. During pregnancy, the need for iron increases due to the growth of the baby, placenta, fetal membranes, and the enlargement of the uterus. Additionally, the woman’s body prepares for the blood loss around childbirth. It is believed that the iron requirement increases by 1 mg per day in the first trimester and by 7.5 mg per day in the third trimester. An iron deficiency leads to microcytic anemia (iron deficiency anemia), which can result in consequences such as miscarriage, premature birth, or intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) of the fetus.

Iron deficiency – symptoms

Symptoms of an iron deficiency include fatigue, headaches, reduced activity, shortness of breath on exertion, and palpitations. Additionally, pregnant women may complain of pale skin, cracks at the corners of the mouth, as well as hair loss and hair breakage. Problems with concentration and excessive drowsiness may also occur.

Iron in pregnancy – dosage

In the case of diagnosed anemia due to iron deficiency, treatment for pregnant women begins with low doses taken over a longer period of time. If the values do not improve, the doctor often changes the preparation. Furthermore, guidelines recommend that if ferritin levels (the iron-storing protein) in the blood are < 60 mcg/l in a woman without anemia, iron supplementation at a dose of about 30 mg per day from the 16th week of pregnancy may be considered.

How should iron be taken during pregnancy?

Iron in pregnancy should ideally be taken on an empty stomach or between meals. It has been shown that it is best absorbed under these conditions. However, if the expectant mother experiences digestive issues, iron can be taken with a meal, although this may reduce absorption. If, despite oral supplementation and increasing the iron dose, the values do not improve, it may be necessary to administer iron intravenously.

Iron – side effects

The most common side effects of iron supplements are digestive issues. These include constipation, stomach pain, nausea, and even vomiting. If any side effects occur, it is best to report them to the attending doctor, who may recommend a different iron preparation.

Does iron harm pregnancy?

Supplementation is only recommended in the case of iron deficiency and not for all pregnant women. It has been shown that an excess of this element can have negative effects on the course of pregnancy. Studies have shown a possible connection with the development of insulin resistance, diabetes, and preeclampsia.

Which foods contain iron?

Iron is found in meat and fish. Sources of non-heme iron include vegetables such as parsley, spinach, beetroot, and whole grains. It is important to note that iron absorption can be increased or decreased by other foods. For example, vitamin C, which is found in orange juice, promotes iron absorption from the digestive tract, while substances in tea or bran can reduce it.